Add support for caching HTML-rendered pages

Downside is that this consumes significant disk space, requires
recreating the entire cache when changing something to the way that
pages are rendered and removes flexibility to add dynamic
render-influencing settings in the future.

Alas, crawlers are getting more aggressive and I don't like the idea of
adding more invasive anti-bot tech.
This might not be enough in the long term, we also have a few slow SQL
queries that I'm not yet sure how to optimize. But this ought to give us
more time, at least.

schema.sql

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ CREATE TABLE contents (
   -- encoding conversion and removing 0-bytes. This means taking sha1(content)
   -- may not necessary match the hash, and it's possible for the same content
   -- to be in the database under multiple hashes (but I suspect that's rare).
-  hash    bytea      NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-  content text       NOT NULL
+  hash    bytea NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  content text  NOT NULL,
+  html    text
 );
+CREATE INDEX contents_nohtml ON contents (id) WHERE html IS NULL;
 
 
 -- Unique man page, as identified by name & section

util/cache-html.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+# This script populates the HTML-rendered man page cache in the database.
+#
+# Usage: cache-html.pl
+#
+#   --verbose
+#       Be more verbose.
+#
+#   --delay=$SEC
+#       Seconds (fraction supported) to wait between rendering subsequent pages.
+#
+#   --maxpages=$NUM
+#       Maximum number of pages to render before exiting.
+#
+# Multiple instances of this script can run in parallel in order to speed up cache generation.
+
+use v5.36;
+use FU::Pg;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use Time::HiRes 'time';
+use Cwd 'abs_path';
+our $ROOT;
+BEGIN { ($ROOT = abs_path $0) =~ s{/util/cache-html\.pl$}{}; }
+
+use lib "$ROOT/ManUtils/blib/lib", "$ROOT/ManUtils/blib/arch";
+use ManUtils;
+
+my $verbose = 0;
+my $delay = 0;
+my $maxpages = 0;
+GetOptions('verbose' => \$verbose, 'delay=i' => \$delay, 'maxpages=i' => \$maxpages);
+
+my $conn = FU::Pg->connect($ENV{MANNED_PG}//'');
+
+while (1) {
+    my $txn = $conn->txn;
+    my($id, $content) = $txn->q('SELECT id, content FROM contents WHERE html IS NULL FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED LIMIT 1')->rowl;
+    last if !$id;
+
+    my $start = time;
+    my $html = eval { ManUtils::html ManUtils::fmt $content };
+    my $end = time;
+
+    # Should be rare. Do save *something* in the database, so we won't get
+    # stuck trying this again and we can easily query for broken pages.
+    if (!defined $html) {
+        $html = '(Error rendering man page)';
+        warn "$id: Error rendering page: $@\n";
+    }
+
+    $txn->q('UPDATE contents SET html = $1 WHERE id = $2', $html, $id)->exec;
+    $txn->commit;
+    printf "%10d: %5.1f ms, %d raw, %d html\n", $id, ($end-$start)*1000, length($content), length($html) if $verbose;
+    last if !--$maxpages;
+    sleep $delay if $delay;
+}

www/index.pl

@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ sub man_nav_($man, $url, $toc, $htmllang) {
 sub man_page($man, $url) {
     fu->set_lastmod($man->{released});
 
-    my($hash, $content) = fu->SQL('SELECT hash, content FROM contents WHERE id =', $man->{content})->rowl;
+    my($hash, $content, $fmt) = fu->SQL('SELECT hash, content, html FROM contents WHERE id =', $man->{content})->rowl;
     if($url->{fmt} eq 'raw') {
         fu->set_header('content-type', 'text/plain');
         fu->set_header('content-disposition', sprintf 'filename="%s.%s"', $man->{name}, $man->{section});
@@ -724,11 +724,11 @@ sub man_page($man, $url) {
         my $data = $content =~ s/^\.\\".*//rmg;
         if ($data =~ m{^\s*\.so (?:[^\s]*/)?([^\s/]+)\s*$}s) {
             ($follow) = man_pref_name $1, SQL 'v.id =', $man->{verid};
-            $content = fu->SQL('SELECT content FROM contents WHERE id =', $follow->{content})->val if $follow;
+            ($content, $fmt) = fu->SQL('SELECT content, html FROM contents WHERE id =', $follow->{content})->rowh if $follow;
         }
     }
 
-    my $fmt = ManUtils::html ManUtils::fmt $content;
+    $fmt //= ManUtils::html ManUtils::fmt $content;
     if($url->{fmt} eq 'txt') {
         # TODO: The 'txt' format is kind of broken right now as it includes our HTML formatting codes.
         # This feature is a WIP and not advertised at the moment, anyway.